1. Waro (C): Mēnā ka piki ake te nui o te waro i roto i te maitai, ka piki ake te kaha tuku me te kaha kume, engari ka heke te kirihou me te kaha pānga; Heoi, ina neke atu te nui o te waro i te 0.23%, ka heke te kaha whakarewa o te maitai. Nō reira, ko te nui o te waro o te maitai hanganga iti-koranu e whakamahia ana mō te whakarewa, kāore e neke ake i te 0.20%. Mā te pikinga ake o te nui o te waro ka whakaitihia hoki te ātete waikura o te maitai i te āhuarangi, ā, he ngāwari te waikura o te maitai waro nui i te rangi tuwhera. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te waro te whakanui ake i te pakarukaru makariri me te aro o te maitai ki te koroheketanga.

2. Hiraka (Si): He kaha te tango waikura o te hiko i roto i te tukanga hanga maitai, ā, ko te nui o te hiko i roto i te maitai kua mate ko te 0.12%-0.37%. Mena he nui ake te nui o te hiko i roto i te maitai i te 0.50%, ka kiia te hiko he huānga whakarewa. Ka taea e te hiko te whakapai ake i te rohe pīngore, te kaha hua me te kaha kume o te maitai, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahi hei maitai puna. Mā te tāpiri i te 1.0-1.2% hiko ki roto i te maitai hanganga kua tineia me te whakamahana ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha mā te 15-20%. Mā te whakakotahi me te hiko, te molybdenum, te tungsten me te chromium, ka taea te whakapai ake i te ātete waikura me te ātete waikura, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga maitai ātete wera. Ko te maitai waro iti kei roto ko te 1.0-4.0% hiko, me te tino kaha uruhanga aukume, ka whakamahia hei maitai hiko i roto i te umanga hiko. Mā te pikinga ake o te nui o te hiko ka whakaiti i te kaha whakarewa o te maitai.

3. Manganese (Mn): He pai te manganese hei tango i te waikura me te whanariki. I te nuinga o te wā, kei roto i te maitai te 0.30-0.50% manganese. Ina tāpirihia he nui atu i te 0.70% manganese ki te maitai waro, ka kiia ko te "maitai manganese". Ki te whakatauritea ki te maitai noa, ehara i te mea he pakari noa iho, engari he kaha ake, he pakeke ake hoki, e whakapai ake ana i te kaha whakapakeke me te kaha mahi wera o te maitai. Ko te maitai kei roto ko te 11-14% manganese he tino ātete ki te kakahu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i te peere keri, te raina mira pōro, me ētahi atu. I te pikinga ake o te ihirangi manganese, ka ngoikore te ātete waikura o te maitai, ā, ka heke te mahi whakarewa.

4. Te Whōkawa (P): I te nuinga o te wā, he huānga kino te whōkawa i roto i te maitai, e whakapai ake ana i te kaha o te maitai, engari e whakaiti ana i te ngāwari me te pakari o te maitai, e whakanui ana i te pakarukaru makariri o te maitai, ā, e whakararu ana i te mahi whakarewa me te mahi piko makariri. Nō reira, ko te tikanga me iti iho i te 0.045% te nui o te whōkawa i roto i te maitai, ā, me iti ake te hiahia mō te maitai kounga teitei.

5. Te whanariki (S): He huānga kino anō hoki te whanariki i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa. Ka wera te maitai, ka whakaiti i te ngāwari me te pakari o te maitai, ā, ka pakaru i te wā e hanga ana, e hurihuri ana hoki. He kino anō hoki te whanariki ki te mahi whakarewa, ā, ka whakaiti i te ātete ki te waikura. Nō reira, he iti iho i te 0.055% te nui o te whanariki, ā, he iti iho i te 0.040% te nui o te whanariki o te maitai kounga teitei. Mā te tāpiri i te 0.08-0.20% whanariki ki te maitai ka taea te whakapai ake i te kore e taea te miihini, e kiia nei ko te maitai tapahi kore utu.

6. Konumohe (Al): He mea tango waikura te konumohe i roto i te maitai. Mā te tāpiri i te iti o te konumohe ki te maitai ka taea te whakapai ake i te rahi o te kōhao me te whakapai ake i te pakari o te pānga; he ātete waikura me te ātete waikura hoki te konumohe. Mā te whakakotahitanga o te konumohe me te chromium me te silicon ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi tihore pāmahana teitei me te ātete waikura pāmahana teitei o te maitai. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te konumohe he pānga ki te mahi wera, te mahi whakarewa me te mahi tapahi o te maitai.

7. Hāora (O) me te hauota (N): He huānga kino te hāora me te hauota ka uru mai i te hau o te oumu ina rewa te konganuku. Ka taea e te hāora te whakawera i te maitai, ā, he kaha ake tōna pānga i tō te whanariki. Ka taea e te hauota te whakawera i te maitai kia rite ki te whūwhā. Ka taea e te pānga koroheketanga o te hauota te whakanui ake i te pakeketanga me te kaha o te maitai, engari ka whakaiti i te ngāwari me te pakari, inā koa i roto i te wā e koroheketanga ana te āhua.

8. Niobium (Nb), vanadium (V) me te titanium (Ti): He huānga whakamahine witi te niobium, te vanadium me te titanium. Mā te tāpiri tika i ēnei huānga ka taea te whakapai ake i te hanganga maitai, te whakamahine i te witi, ā, ka tino whakapai ake i te kaha me te pakari o te maitai.